Birthmarks are a common feature that many individuals have. For parents, spotting a birthmark on their child can lead to curiosity, and sometimes even concern. While most birthmarks are harmless, understanding their different types and knowing when to seek expert advice is essential.
This article explores the various types of birthmarks and when a dermatologist visit is needed.
What are Birthmarks?
Birthmarks are skin markings that appear at or shortly after birth. These marks arise from differences in pigmentation, blood vessel development, or other processes within the skin. They can appear anywhere on the body, varying in size, color, and texture.
Some birthmarks fade as a child grows, while others can persist throughout a lifetime. Although many are harmless, some require medical attention to ensure there are no underlying health concerns.
By understanding the types of birthmarks, parents can feel better equipped to identify which marks are normal. This way, they also know which may require a professional evaluation.
Understanding the Types of Birthmarks
Birthmarks are commonly divided into two categories: pigmented birthmarks and vascular birthmarks. Below, we outline the characteristics and examples of each type.
Pigmented Birthmarks
Pigmented birthmarks occur when the skin produces an excess of pigment cells. These marks range in color and shape, often appearing brown, black, blue, or gray.
Moles
Moles, or nevi, are among the most common forms of pigmented birthmarks. These can vary in color, from flesh-toned to dark brown. They can appear either flat or raised, and some may even have hair growing on them.
Most moles are harmless. However, parents may want to monitor changes in size, color, shape, or texture. These could signal potential concerns.
Café-au-Lait Spots
These marks have a light brown hue, similar to the shade of coffee mixed with milk. Typically oval in shape, their size can vary widely.
Although typically harmless, the presence of multiple café-au-lait spots may suggest an underlying genetic condition. This is called neurofibromatosis. A skin doctor can evaluate if further investigation is needed.
Mongolian Spots
Mongolian spots are flat, bluish-gray birthmarks commonly found on the lower back or buttocks. They are more prevalent in infants with darker skin tones. Typically harmless, these marks gradually fade as the child grows older.
Vascular Birthmarks
Vascular birthmarks develop as a result of irregular blood vessel formations beneath the skin. These marks are typically red, pink, or purple in color.
Hemangiomas
Hemangiomas are raised, red birthmarks that form when blood vessels cluster during skin development. Commonly referred to as “strawberry marks,” these spots are named for their vivid, bright coloration.
Hemangiomas may start small and grow over the first year of life, but many shrink and fade over time. However, large or fast-growing hemangiomas near the eyes, mouth, or nose may require medical attention.
Your dermatologist can help you prevent the condition from interfering with organ function.
Port-Wine Stains
Port-wine stains are flat birthmarks that appear pink, red, or purple and tend to deepen in color as time passes. These birthmarks typically appear on the face, neck, or arms.
Port-wine stains, unlike certain other vascular birthmarks, do not naturally fade over time. While port-wine stains are often harmless, their appearance on facial areas or near the eyes may need evaluation.
A dermatologist can ensure that no complications, such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, are present.
Salmon Patches
Also known as “stork bites” or “angel kisses,” salmon patches are flat, pink marks caused by dilated blood vessels. These often appear on the back of the neck, eyelids, or forehead.
Most salmon patches fade naturally as a child grows and do not require treatment.
When to See a Dermatologist Near You
Most birthmarks do not pose health risks, but there are cases where consulting a dermatologist is essential. Monitoring a birthmark’s appearance and knowing what signs to watch for can help ensure proper care.
Below are scenarios when a professional opinion should be sought.
Significant Growth or Change
A birthmark that grows rapidly, becomes raised, or changes in color, shape, or texture should be examined. Such changes can sometimes indicate underlying conditions or potential risks.
Size or Location Concerns
Large or strategically located birthmarks may need medical attention.
For instance, a hemangioma near the eyes could affect a child’s vision. Meanwhile, larger pigmented birthmarks may carry a higher risk of complications, including skin cancer.
Associated Symptoms
Is the birthmark accompanied by pain, itching, bleeding, or signs of infection? If so, a dermatologist should evaluate it promptly.
These symptoms could suggest irritation, infection, or other complications.
Medical Conditions
Some birthmarks are linked to genetic or vascular syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis or Sturge-Weber syndrome.
A specialist can determine whether further evaluation or treatment is necessary for such conditions.
Cosmetic Concerns
Even if a birthmark is harmless, some individuals prefer to have them treated for cosmetic reasons.
The best dermatologist near you in Miami can offer treatments to improve the appearance of certain birthmarks.
The Importance of Professional Skin Care
Trusting a qualified dermatologist is key to ensuring proper care of birthmarks. At Children’s Skin Center, we understand the concerns of parents and patients when it comes to these unique marks.
Our board-certified and fellowship-trained dermatologist, Dr. Ana Duarte, specializes in evaluating and managing birthmarks in children.
Whether you have health concerns or want a cosmetic consultation, we are here to help.
The Best Dermatologist in Miami & Coral Gables, FL
Birthmarks are a natural part of many children’s lives, and most are harmless. However, knowing their unique characteristics and when to seek help are beneficial.
If you have concerns about your child’s birthmark or want professional guidance, contact Children’s Skin Center today. Call us at (305) 669-6555 to schedule a consultation with Dr. Duarte, the best dermatologist near you in Miami. Together, we can provide care tailored to your family’s needs.
The best dermatologist in South Miami, FL, looks forward to serving you!
Sources:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12159-birthmarks
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemangioma/in-depth/birthmarks/art-20546823
